CONTENTS 
1. Introduction, definitions and scope. 
2. Defence without force. The factors that influence the development of military forces. 
3. Defence by Rules. Protections offered to states by the international system. 
- Liechtenstein 
- Tuvalu 
4. Defence by Patrons and Partners. Protections offered by to states by alliances. 
- Iceland and NATO 
- Micronesian Compacts of Free Association 
5. Defence from self harm. 
- Costa Rica 
6. Outlook and Conclusion.